The author is one of the most important parts of a citation. Why? In order to properly connect ideas, inventions, and works, there has to be someone to credit with creating it! It is also a great way to help you evaluate the source of information for context and bias. An author can be a person, organization, association, or corporation.
Bibliography
Greenberg, Paul. CRM at the Speed of Light: Social CRM Strategies, Tools, and Techniques for Engaging Your Customers. 4th ed. New York: McGraw Hill, 2010.
Notes
Paul Greenberg, CRM at the Speed of Light: Social CRM Strategies, Tools, and Techniques for Engaging Your Customers, 4th ed. (New York: McGraw Hill, 2010), 78-79.
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Dunn, Joshua and Martin R. West, eds. From Schoolhouse to Courthouse: The Judiciary’s Role in American Education. Washington, DC: Thomas B. Fordham / Brookings Institution, 2009.
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Joshua M. Dunn and Martin R. West, eds., From Schoolhouse to Courthouse: The Judiciary’s Role in American Education (Washington, DC: Thomas B. Fordham Institute / Brookings Institution, 2009), 251-52.
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Boult, Chad, Jean Giddens, Katherine Frey, Lisa Reider and Tracy Novak. Guided Care: A New Nurse-Physician Partnership in Chronic Care. New York: Springer, 2009.
Notes
Chad Boult et al., Guided Care: A New Nurse-Physician Partnership in Chronic Care (New York: Springer, 2009), 16.
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Without a title it would be very hard, if not impossible, for someone to figure out what resource you are citing. Luckily, titles are usually easily identified.
Sometimes your source will have two titles. For example, if you used Poe's short story "The Pit and the Pendulum" from the book titled The Collected Tales and Poems of Edgar Allen Poe, you will include both the title of the short story and the title of the book. This is also the case for articles (there is an article title and a periodical title) and often for webpages (there is a webpage or web document title and a website title for the website on which it is included.
Bibliography
Jeter, Lorraine. Matagorda: Early History. Baltimore: Gateway Press, 1974.
Notes
Lorraine Jeter. Matagorda. (Baltimore: Gateway Press, 1974), 55-59.
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Some publications will not have an author, rather an editor who is responsible for the content of the work. For example, an editor may produce a publication that includes the works of multiple authors, such as a collection of poetry. You will also find at times that a work will have both an author and an editor, of which, both names should be included in the citation.
When there is only an editor for the work, the editor's name goes in the place where the author's name usually goes.
Bibliography
Nemerov, Howard, ed. Poets on Poetry. New York: Basic Books, 1966.
Notes
Howard Nemerov, ed., Poets on Poetry (New York: Basic Books, 1966), 55.
When there is both an author and an editor, the editor's name is added after the title.
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When more than one edition exists of a work, the edition of the work that you are referencing should follow the title of the work.
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Foner, Eric. The Story of American Freedom. 1st ed. New York: W.W. Norton, 1998.
Notes
Eric Foner, The Story of American Freedom, 1st ed. (New York: W.W. Norton, 1998), 58.
If you are referencing a multi volume work, there are a few rules to take note of.
If you are referencing online periodicals that include a volume number, the volume number should follow the title without punctuation between the two.
Bibliography
Steingold, Fred S. Legal Guide for Starting and Running a Small Business. Edited by Ralph Warner. Vol. 2, Legal Forms. Berkeley: Nolo Press, 1997.
Foner, Nancy. “Immigrant Women and Work in New York City, Then and Now.” Journal of American Ethnic History 18, no. 3 (1999): 95–113. http://www.jstor.org/stable/27502451.
Notes
Fred Steingold, Legal Guide for Starting and Running a Small Business, ed. Ralph Warner, vol. 2 Legal Forms (Berkely: Nolo Press, 1997), 55-68.
Nancy Foner, “Immigrant Women and Work in New York City, Then and Now,” Journal of American Ethnic History 18, no. 3 (1999): 97, http://www.jstor.org/stable/27502451.
Issue numbers are often found with multi volume works such as journals. The issue number should follow the volume number prefaced by ": no."
Bibliography
Foner, Eric. “American Freedom in a Global Age.” The American Historical Review 106, no. 1 (2001): 1-16. doi:10.2307/2652222.
Notes
Eric Foner, “American Freedom in a Global Age,” The American Historical Review 106, no. 1 (2001): 10, doi:10.2307/2652222.
For research purposes, you will often use journal articles, especially articles from electronic/online journals as well as other online periodicals. When citing these sources, you will need to include the DOI (digital object identifier) or URL if no DOI is available.
Bibliography
Foner, Nancy. “Immigrant Women and Work in New York City, Then and Now.” Journal of American Ethnic History 18, no. 3 (1999): 95–113. http://www.jstor.org/stable/27502451.
Foner, Eric. “American Freedom in a Global Age.” The American Historical Review 106, no. 1 (2001): 1-16. doi:10.2307/2652222.
Notes
Nancy Foner, “Immigrant Women and Work in New York City, Then and Now,” Journal of American Ethnic History 18, no. 3 (1999): 97, http://www.jstor.org/stable/27502451.
Eric Foner, “American Freedom in a Global Age,” The American Historical Review 106, no. 1 (2001): 10, doi:10.2307/2652222.
The place of publication, usually a city name, is located on either the title page or the copyright page. When more than one place of publication is listed, it is only necessary to include the first city listed. If there is no place of publication given, the abbreviation n.p. may be used in its place.
Bibliography
Ford, Lacy K. Deliver Us from Evil: The Slavery Question in the Old South. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009.
Ford, Lacy K. Deliver Us from Evil: The Slavery Question in the Old South. N.p.: Oxford University Press, 2009.
Notes
Lacy K. Ford, Deliver Us from Evil: The Slavery Question in the Old South, (New York: Oxford University Press, 2009), 107.
Lacy K. Ford, Deliver Us from Evil: The Slavery Question in the Old South, (n.p.: Oxford University Press, 2009), 107.
The publisher is the name of the company that produces the book. This information is located on the title page.
If the publisher's name includes the article "The" or abbreviations such as Inc. or Ltd., these may be omitted from the name in the bibliography and notes.
If the publisher is unknown, simply omit and use just the place and date.
Bibliography
Dickstein, Morris. Dancing in the Dark: A Cultural History of the Great Depression. New York: W.W. Norton, 2010.
Notes
Morris Dickstein, Dancing in the Dark: A Cultural History of the Great Depression, (New York: W.W. Norton, 2010), 55-8.
The publication date is simply the date that the work was produced. Usually, the year of publication is suffice and goes after the name of the publisher.
Bibliography
Dickstein, Morris. Dancing in the Dark: A Cultural History of the Great Depression. New York: W.W. Norton, 2010.
Notes
Morris Dickstein, Dancing in the Dark: A Cultural History of the Great Depression, (New York: W.W. Norton, 2010), 55-8.